Types of data collection

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 Any research is only as good as the data that drives it, so choosing the right technique of data collection can make all the difference. In this article, we will look at four different data collection techniques – observation, documentary,  interview and focus group discussion – and evaluate their suitability under different circumstances.


Observation

data collection techniques

Seeing is believing, they say. Making direct observations of simplistic phenomena can be a very quick and effective way of collecting data with minimal intrusion. Establishing the right mechanism for making the observation is all you need.

Document and record 

data collection techniques

Document and record,  as we consider them here, are stand-alone instruments of data collection that will be administered to the sample subjects either through mail, phone or online. They have long been one of the most popular data collection techniques.

Interviews

data collection techniques

Conducting interviews can help you overcome most of the shortfalls of the previous two data collection techniques that we have discussed here by allowing you to build a deeper understanding of the thinking behind the respondents’ answers.

Focus Group Discussions

data collection techniques

Focus group discussions take the interactive benefits of an interview to the next level by bringing a carefully chosen group together for a moderated discussion on the subject of the survey.

Conclusion

"Keeping these factors in mind will go a long way toward helping you choose between the four data collection techniques. The recent evolution of technology has given researchers powerful tools and dramatically transformed the ways that researchers interface with their subjects."

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